Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a pathogenic strain of the bacterium Escherichia coli, primarily recognized for its role in causing diarrhea in infants and young children, particularly in developing countries. First identified in the 1940s, EPEC is distinguished by its specific adherence to intestinal epithelial cells and its capacity to induce alterations in the host's intestinal lining. Unlike other pathogenic E. coli strains, EPEC does not produce toxins but instead manipulates host cell signaling pathways, leading to a characteristic "attaching and effacing" lesion on the intestinal surface. Over the decades, research has expanded our understanding of EPEC's virulence mechanisms, transmission routes, and its significant impact on public health, particularly in the context of childhood diarrhea and malnutrition. As a bio marker, EPEC assists in diagnostic tests, enabling healthcare providers to identify infections and implement timely interventions.

Elevated Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) levels may indicate an active infection or increased pathogenic colonization in the gastrointestinal tract, which can potentially lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. This rise may also suggest an imbalance in the gut microbiome, where harmful bacteria outnumber beneficial ones. Conversely, low levels of EPEC are typically considered a positive sign, suggesting a healthy gut environment with limited pathogenic bacteria presence. However, very low or undetectable levels do not rule out gut issues entirely, as they may coexist with other dysbiotic populations or be influenced by recent antibiotic use. It is important to consider these levels alongside other biomarkers and clinical symptoms for a comprehensive assessment of gut health.

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is featured in the Gut Zoomer panel, a comprehensive test that analyzes gut microbiota, inflammation markers, and digestive function. As a key bio marker, EPEC plays a crucial role in understanding pathogenic potential and its impact on gut health. By identifying the presence of EPEC, practitioners can gain insights into microbial imbalances and develop targeted strategies for improving gastrointestinal health and preventing infections.