Lysozyme is an enzyme that plays a critical role in the innate immune system, primarily responsible for breaking down bacterial cell walls. Discovered in 1922 by Alexander Fleming, who later gained fame for his work on penicillin, lysozyme was initially identified in human saliva and tears. Over the decades, research has revealed its presence in various tissues and secretions, including egg white, where it is found in particularly high concentrations. Lysozyme functions as a natural antibacterial agent, contributing to the body's first line of defense against infections by lysing Gram-positive bacteria. Its significance has extended beyond immunology; lysozyme levels are now recognized as potential biomarkers in various clinical settings, including inflammatory diseases and infections, where they can provide valuable insights into an individual's immune status and health.

Elevated lysozyme levels may indicate an immune response to infection or inflammation, suggesting that the body is actively targeting pathogens. This can occur in conditions such as bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, or inflammatory diseases. Conversely, low lysozyme levels may reflect a compromised immune system or inadequate mucosal defense, potentially leading to increased susceptibility to infections or inflammatory conditions. It may also indicate a dysregulation of the gut microbiome or a reduction in the overall resilience of mucosal surfaces, which can contribute to various health issues.

Lysozyme is a key biomarker featured in our Gut Zoomer test, serving as an important indicator of gut health and immune function. As an enzyme found in various body fluids, including saliva and intestinal secretions, lysozyme plays a crucial role in breaking down bacterial cell walls and exhibiting antimicrobial properties. By measuring lysozyme levels in ng/mL, practitioners can gain insights into inflammation and the integrity of the gut barrier, aiding in the identification of dysbiosis and guiding targeted dietary and therapeutic interventions to optimize gut health.