Shigella/EIEC (Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli) refers to a group of bacteria that includes Shigella species and EIEC, both significant human pathogens known for causing gastrointestinal infections. Shigella, which was first identified in 1897 by the Japanese bacteriologist Kiyoshi Shiga, is notorious for causing shigellosis, characterized by acute diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain. EIEC, a subset of pathogenic Escherichia coli, was recognized later and shares similar virulence factors, leading to invasive infections that resemble shigellosis. The history of these pathogens is marked by their association with outbreaks, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. Research into their genetic and biochemical properties has revealed mechanisms of invasion and pathogenicity, making Shigella/EIEC a critical marker for understanding intestinal health and disease management in clinical settings.

Elevated levels of Shigella/EIEC may indicate a potential infection, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, which could lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. This elevation might suggest an active inflammatory response or a recent exposure to contaminated food or water sources. Conversely, low levels of Shigella/EIEC are generally not a cause for concern as they may signify a healthy balance of gut microbiota, reduced infection risk, or adequate immune function. However, it is important to consider these levels in conjunction with clinical symptoms and other diagnostic tests to ensure a comprehensive understanding of gut health and potential pathogen exposure.

Shigella/EIEC is included in the Gut Zoomer panel, which assesses a wide range of gut microbes, enabling practitioners to identify pathogenic bacteria associated with gastrointestinal infections. By detecting Shigella and Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), this biomarker helps in understanding the presence of harmful organisms in the gut and can guide targeted interventions for restoring gut health and function.