CYP2C9 is a member of the cytochrome P450 family of liver enzymes that oxidize drugs and certain endogenous substrates. rs1057910 (commonly known as the *3 allele) is a coding change that has been linked to reduced enzyme activity; rs4918758 (-1188T>C) is a regulatory-region variant that has been associated with altered expression in some studies. These variants were identified through population sequencing and pharmacogenomic research that correlated genotype with differences in drug clearance and exposure. Functionally, changes in CYP2C9 activity modify the rate at which substrates are metabolized, which can shift circulating levels and the time substances remain in the body. In clinical and research settings, CYP2C9 variation is a well-established contributor to interindividual differences in drug handling and related biomarker patterns.

For genetic biomarkers, “high” or “low” refers to predicted enzyme activity based on genotype rather than a measured blood concentration. Predicted higher CYP2C9 activity indicates faster metabolism of CYP2C9 substrates and generally lower systemic exposure to those compounds; predicted lower activity indicates slower metabolism and relatively higher exposure. Interpretation requires the broader Cardio Zoomer profile and clinical context, since other genes, concurrent medications, organ function, and metabolic markers also influence net effect.

CYP2C9 variants are included in Cardio Zoomer’s pharmacogenomics domain to clarify individual differences in drug and endogenous compound metabolism. This information helps providers reconcile medication-response patterns with lipid, inflammatory, and metabolic results, supporting more precise interpretation of laboratory findings and personalized clinical planning.