Anti-Dopamine receptor 1 (D1) antibodies are immunoglobulins that recognize the D1 subtype of dopamine receptors, which belong to the G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) family. The D1 receptor is widely expressed in the brain—notably in cortical and striatal regions—and primarily signals via Gs proteins to increase intracellular cAMP, modulating neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Clinically, antibodies against neural receptors have been reported in studies of neuroimmune activity and altered neural signaling. Anti-D1 testing arose from research linking receptor-directed immune responses to changes in neurotransmitter pathways; as an assay, it helps map whether the immune system is engaging a receptor central to cognition, motivation, and motor pathways rather than establishing cause–effect relationships.

Elevated anti-D1 antibody levels may indicate immune recognition of the D1 dopamine receptor and suggest a pattern of receptor-directed immune activity. In some contexts this pattern has been associated with symptoms related to dopaminergic function—such as changes in attention, motivation, mood regulation, or motor control—but any association requires correlation with other markers and clinical findings. Low or undetectable anti-D1 levels mean there is no measurable antibody against this receptor in the tested sample. That result does not prove normal dopamine signaling or rule out other immune or non-immune mechanisms; interpretation is most informative when combined with the full Neural Zoomer panel and clinical context.

Anti-D1 is included in the Neural Zoomer to identify immune activity specifically targeting a major dopamine receptor involved in cognition and motor pathways. This marker helps providers correlate receptor-directed immune signals with symptoms and other neuroimmune indicators, supporting a more precise, system-level view of neural signaling and barrier/inflammatory patterns in personalized care.