Mucosal IgA autoantibody to tTG
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About Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA
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About Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA
Overview and History
Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes protein crosslinking and post-translational modification in the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces. The IgA measured is the secretory-associated immunoglobulin A isotype commonly produced at mucosal surfaces, including the gut.
Clinically, tTG emerged as a key autoantigen in the late 1990s when targeted antibodies were linked to gut-directed immune reactivity. Biochemically, tTG can modify certain dietary peptides and matrix proteins, processes that can alter how the immune system recognizes tissue components. Detecting IgA autoantibodies to tTG provides a window into mucosal immune interactions and tissue-specific immune targeting.
Interpreting Highs and Lows
Elevated tTG IgA levels indicate the immune system is producing mucosal IgA antibodies that bind tissue transglutaminase, a pattern associated with gut-focused immune activation and intestinal tissue stress. Low or undetectable tTG IgA levels may reflect absent mucosal autoantibody production or technical factors, including selective IgA deficiency, which can reduce circulating IgA regardless of underlying reactivity. Interpretation is most reliable when considered with other Immune Zoomer markers, clinical history, and complementary lab data to define broader immune patterns.
Featured Test
tTG IgA is included in the Immune Zoomer’s Gut and Gastric Immunity domain to detect gut-directed autoantibody signals and clarify whether mucosal immune activity targets tissue transglutaminase. As part of the multi-antibody panel, it helps clinicians link digestive symptoms and nutrient issues to specific immune patterns and prioritize targeted investigative strategies.
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Mary Beth Augustine
DCN, RDN, FAND- Lead Clinical Educator
Suzanne Barker
MS, RDN, LD, CTTS, CGP- Clinical Educator
Suzette Garcia
MSc- MHNE- Clinical Educator
Brooke Mader Ganev
MS, CNS, LDN, FDN- Clinical Educator
Adair Anderson
MS, RDN, LDN- Clinical Educator
Lillie Luu Nguyen
DCN, CNS, LDN- Clinical Educator
Jason Barker
ND- Clinical Educator
Emaline Brown
ND- Clinical Educator
Dana Filatova
DCN, CNS, LDN- Clinical Educator
Jessy Dhanjal
ND- Clinical Educator
Nour Amri
MS, LDN, CNS, CKNS- Clinical Educator
