Giant muscle structural protein
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About Titin
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About Titin
Overview and History
Titin is a giant sarcomeric protein encoded by the TTN gene and found in skeletal and cardiac muscle. It spans from the Z-line to the M-line within the sarcomere and acts as a molecular spring that maintains passive tension, supports myofibril assembly, and contributes to mechanical sensing.
First described in the 1970s and later recognized as one of the largest human proteins, titin also became of interest in immune research when antibodies against titin were identified. These antibodies are studied as markers of immune activity directed at muscle and related connective tissues rather than as standalone disease labels.
Interpreting Highs and Lows
Elevated titin reactivity (antibodies) may indicate immune activity that involves muscle structural proteins and can align with symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, or muscle discomfort; interpretation depends on coexisting markers and clinical context. Low or undetectable titin reactivity means there is no measurable immune response to titin by the assay used, but it does not rule out immune activity against other muscle targets or non-immune causes of symptoms. Titin results are most informative when reviewed alongside the full Immune Zoomer profile and clinical findings to identify patterns of tissue-specific immune stress.
Featured Test
Titin is included in the Immune Zoomer to assess immune reactivity focused on muscle and connective tissue architecture. As a tissue-specific marker, titin antibodies help reveal whether muscle structures are targeted within broader immune patterns, supporting clinicians in prioritizing further evaluation and personalized monitoring strategies.
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Mary Beth Augustine
DCN, RDN, FAND- Lead Clinical Educator
Suzanne Barker
MS, RDN, LD, CTTS, CGP- Clinical Educator
Suzette Garcia
MSc- MHNE- Clinical Educator
Brooke Mader Ganev
MS, CNS, LDN, FDN- Clinical Educator
Adair Anderson
MS, RDN, LDN- Clinical Educator
Lillie Luu Nguyen
DCN, CNS, LDN- Clinical Educator
Jason Barker
ND- Clinical Educator
Emaline Brown
ND- Clinical Educator
Dana Filatova
DCN, CNS, LDN- Clinical Educator
Jessy Dhanjal
ND- Clinical Educator
Nour Amri
MS, LDN, CNS, CKNS- Clinical Educator
